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An example is the Stone Wales defect in nanotubes, which consists of two adjacent 5-membered and two 7-membered atom rings. Schematic illustration of defects in a compound solid, using GaAs as an example. Amorphous solids may contain defects. These are naturally somewhat hard to define, but sometimes their nature can be quite easily understood.
The relationship is defined by a symmetry operation called a twin operation. [1] [2] The twin operation is not one of the normal symmetry operations of the untwinned crystal structure. For example, the twin operation may be reflection across a plane that is not a symmetry plane of the single crystal. [1] [2]
In mixed oxidation state materials like magnetite, antiphase domains and antiphase domain boundaries can occur as a result of charge-ordering even though there are no changes in atom locations. [4] For example, the reconstructed magnetite (100) surface contains alternating Fe II pairs and Fe III pairs in the first subsurface layer. [ 4 ]
The material point method (MPM) is a numerical technique used to simulate the behavior of solids, liquids, gases, and any other continuum material. Especially, it is a robust spatial discretization method for simulating multi-phase (solid-fluid-gas) interactions.
Although the quadratic method describes the energy distribution of a signal in the joint time frequency domain, which is useful for analysis, classification, and detection of signal features, phase information is lost in the quadratic time-frequency representation; also, the time histories cannot be reconstructed with this method.
Each inspector prepares for the meeting by reading the work product and noting each defect. In an inspection, a defect is any part of the work product that will keep an inspector from approving it. For example, if the team is inspecting a software requirements specification, each defect will be text in the document which an inspector disagrees ...
Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) are a family of machine learning models for computer vision, and specifically object detection and localization. [1] The original goal of R-CNN was to take an input image and produce a set of bounding boxes as output, where each bounding box contains an object and also the category (e.g. car or ...
Orthogonal defect classification (ODC) [1] turns semantic information in the software defect stream into a measurement on the process. [2] The ideas were developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s by Ram Chillarege [3] at IBM Research. This has led to the development of new analytical methods used for software development and test process ...