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Ground-level ozone (O 3), also known as surface-level ozone and tropospheric ozone, is a trace gas in the troposphere (the lowest level of the Earth's atmosphere), with an average concentration of 20–30 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), with close to 100 ppbv in polluted areas.
Ozone levels stabilized by the mid-1990s and began to recover in the 2000s, as the shifting of the jet stream in the southern hemisphere towards the south pole has stopped and might even be reversing. [7] Recovery was projected to continue over the next century, with the ozone hole expected to reach pre-1980 levels by around 2075. [8]
Ground-level ozone and particulate matter originate from different sources and human activities such as power plants and refineries that pollute the environment around the affected area. [2] With limited dispersion and a lack of atmospheric mixing, the amount of pollutants increase and stay stagnant for days. [ 2 ]
According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, ground level ozone is the main ingredient in smog. It is a harmful air pollutant because of its effects on people and the ...
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Ground-level ozone pollution (tropospheric ozone) is created near the Earth's surface by the action of daylight UV rays on these precursors. The ozone at ground level is primarily from fossil fuel precursors, but methane is a natural precursor, and the very low natural background level of ozone at ground level is considered safe. This section ...
A recent report by the lung association showed that minority communities bear a disproportionate burden from ground-level ozone, which occurs when air pollution from cars, power plants and other ...
In April 2023, the EPA finalized its "Good Neighbor Plan", which phases in tighter standards for NO x, using a cap and trade system during the summer "ozone season". This is intended to reduce ground-level ozone in non-attainment areas downwind of industrial sources like power plants, incinerators, and industrial furnaces, often in other states ...