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Testicular torsion may also be caused by trauma to the scrotum or exercise (in particular, bicycle riding); [10] however, only about 4–8% of cases are the result of trauma. [1] [2] There is thought to be a possible genetic basis for predisposition to torsion, based on multiple published reports of familial testicular torsion. [10]
The cremaster muscle occasionally experiences painful spasms or cramps in adult males which can be chronic and debilitating. Treatment for these spasms ranges from minor surgery to injection with Botulinum A toxin to the regular application of heat to relax the muscle. Surgery, including the excision of the cremaster muscle, has apparently been ...
The cremasteric reflex may be absent with testicular torsion, upper and lower motor neuron disorders, as well as a spine injury of L1-L2. It can also occur if the ilioinguinal nerve has accidentally been cut during a hernia repair. [4] The cremasteric reflex can be helpful in recognizing testicular emergencies.
Chronic testicular pain is long-term pain of the testes. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is considered chronic if it has persisted for more than three months. [ 1 ] Chronic testicular pain may be caused by injury , infection , surgery , cancer , varicocele , or testicular torsion , and is a possible complication after vasectomy . [ 2 ]
The scrotal ligament is the remnant of gubernaculum in a fetus.This ligament secures the testicle to the most inferior portion of the scrotum, tethering it in place and limiting the degree to which the testis can move within the scrotum.
Testicular trauma is an injury to one or both testicles. Types of injuries include blunt, penetrating and degloving. Types of injuries include blunt, penetrating and degloving. The testes are located within the scrotum , which hangs outside of the body, and do not have the protection of muscles and bones.
According to Prehn's sign, the physical lifting of the testicles relieves the pain of epididymitis but not pain caused by testicular torsion. [4] Negative Prehn's sign indicates no pain relief with lifting the affected testicle, which points towards testicular torsion which is a surgical emergency and must be relieved within 6 hours.
Orchiopexy is performed in the event of testicular torsion, a urologic emergency presenting with intense pain and often without inciting injury. [citation needed]While neonatal torsion occurs with no anatomic defect to account for its occurrence (occurring in utero or shortly after birth), adult torsion results from a bilateral congenital anomaly often called a "bell-clapper deformity", where ...