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Radioactive tracers are also used to determine the location of fractures created by hydraulic fracturing in natural gas production. [2] Radioactive tracers form the basis of a variety of imaging systems, such as, PET scans, SPECT scans and technetium scans. Radiocarbon dating uses the naturally occurring carbon-14 isotope as an isotopic label.
Isotope dilution is the reverse of tracer addition. It involves the addition of a known (small) amount of radionuclide to the sample that contains a known stable element. This additive is the "tracer." It is added at the start of the analysis procedure. After the final measurements are recorded, sample loss can be determined quantitatively.
Thus, using conservative mixing of radiocarbon, the expected amount of radiocarbon in various locations can be determined using the percent compositions of NADW and AABW at that location. This can be determined using other tracers, such as phosphate star or salinity. [4]
The most common use of these radiotracers is at the well head for the measurement of flow rate for various purposes. A 1995 study found that radioactive tracers were used in over 15% of stimulated oil and gas wells. [2] Use of these radioactive tracers is strictly controlled.
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Weijian Zhou is known for using Accelerator mass spectrometry data to track geochemical tracers such as beryllium-10 in loess and Carbon-14.Through these data streams, Zhou studies to chronostratigraphy in the Quaternary era, the period from 2.9 million years ago to the present.
Radiocarbon dating helped verify the authenticity of the Dead Sea scrolls. Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.
Radiocarbon dating is also simply called carbon-14 dating. Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon, with a half-life of 5,730 years [28] [29] (which is very short compared with the above isotopes), and decays into nitrogen. [30]