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Female flowers are 3 mm (0.12 in) long and are located at the base of some catkins. The fruit is a golden-colored cupule 2–3 cm (3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) in diameter with many sharp spines, maturing in autumn. Each cupule contains one ovoid shiny dark brown nut that is edible. [5]
In Lithocarpus, the cupule is very hard and bone-like in texture. The calybium is the fruit proper. It develops from an inferior ovary, meaning it is initially encased in the future cupule. Technically the calybium is a nut, as its ovary wall becomes dry with the embryo loosely enclosed inside, and remains closed until germination.
The acorn is the nut of the oaks and their close relatives (genera Quercus, Notholithocarpus and Lithocarpus, in the family Fagaceae). It usually contains a seedling surrounded by two cotyledons (seedling leaves), enclosed in a tough shell known as the pericarp, and borne in a cup-shaped cupule.
Some cultivars only produce one large seed per cupule, while others produce up to three seeds. [5] The nut itself is composed of two skins: an external, shiny brown part, and an internal skin adhering to the fruit. Inside, there is an edible, creamy-white part developed from the cotyledons. [5] Sweet chestnut trees live to an age of 500 to 600 ...
Beilschmiedia obtusifolia is a rainforest tree in the laurel family Lauraceae, found in rainforests of eastern Australia and also in New Guinea. [2] [3] In Australia it ranges from Port Macquarie in New South Wales [4] northwards to Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, within tropical and subtropical rainforests, usually on the more fertile basaltic sites, but sometimes close to the sea.
The fruit is a densely spiny cupule 4–8 cm (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 – 3 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) diameter, containing two or three glossy brown nuts; these are 2–3 cm (3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) diameter on wild trees. The scientific name mollissima derives from the softly downy shoots and young leaves. [2] [3]