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  2. Ozone–oxygen cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone–oxygen_cycle

    If an oxygen atom and an ozone molecule meet, they recombine to form two oxygen molecules: 4. ozone conversion: O 3 + O → 2 O 2. Two oxygen atoms may react to form one oxygen molecule: 5. oxygen recombination: 2O + A → O 2 + A as in reaction 2 (above), A denotes another molecule or atom, like N 2 or O 2 required for the conservation of ...

  3. Allotropes of oxygen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_oxygen

    Atomic oxygen, denoted O or O 1, is very reactive, as the individual atoms of oxygen tend to quickly bond with nearby molecules. Its lowest-energy electronic state is a spin triplet, designated by the term symbol 3 P. On Earth's surface, it exists naturally for a very short time.

  4. Cyclic ozone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_ozone

    Some of the properties of cyclic ozone have been predicted theoretically. It should have more energy than ordinary ozone. [2] There is evidence that tiny quantities of cyclic ozone exist at the surface of magnesium oxide crystals in air. [3] Cyclic ozone has not been made in bulk, although at least one researcher has attempted to do so using ...

  5. Ozone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone

    The oxygen atoms produced in the photolysis of ozone then react back with other oxygen molecule as in the previous step to form more ozone. In the clear atmosphere, with only nitrogen and oxygen, ozone can react with the atomic oxygen to form two molecules of O 2 :

  6. Ground-level ozone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground-level_ozone

    The IPCC believes that "measured stratospheric O3 losses over the past two decades have generated a negative forcing of the surface-troposphere system" of around 0.15 0.10 watts per square metre (W/m 2). [39] Furthermore, rising air temperatures often improve ozone-forming processes, which has a repercussion on climate, as well.

  7. Tetraoxygen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraoxygen

    Tetraoxygen was first predicted in 1924 by Gilbert N. Lewis, who proposed it as an explanation for the failure of liquid oxygen to obey Curie's law. [1] Though not entirely inaccurate, computer simulations indicate that although there are no stable O 4 molecules in liquid oxygen, O 2 molecules do tend to associate in pairs with antiparallel spins, forming transient O 4 units. [2]

  8. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    Except at extreme temperatures and pressures, atoms form the three classical states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Complex molecules can also form various mesophases such as liquid crystals, which are intermediate between the liquid and solid phases. At high temperatures or strong electromagnetic fields, atoms become ionized, forming plasma.

  9. Molecular orbital theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital_theory

    Bond order is the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms. The bond order of a molecule can be calculated by subtracting the number of electrons in anti-bonding orbitals from the number of bonding orbitals, and the resulting number is then divided by two. A molecule is expected to be stable if it has bond order larger than zero.