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Oversaturation of urine with crystals is by far the biggest factor in stone formation in dogs and cats. [3] This oversaturation can be caused by increased excretion of crystals by the kidneys, water reabsorption by the renal tubules resulting in concentration of the urine, and changes in urine pH that influence crystallization.
Struvite crystals found in a urinalysis. Crystalluria refers to crystals found in the urine when performing a urine test. Crystalluria is considered often as a benign condition and as one of the side effects of sulfonamides and penicillins. The main reason for the identification of urinary crystals is to detect the presence of the relatively ...
Urinary casts are microscopic cylindrical structures produced by the kidney and present in the urine in certain disease states. They form in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts of nephrons , then dislodge and pass into the urine, where they can be detected by microscopy .
Urine: For cystine crystals, and casts. The most specific test is the cyanide–nitroprusside test; Ultrasound/CT scan to reveal if a stone is present. Genetic analysis to determine which mutation associated with the disease may be present.
Urinalysis is commonly used to help diagnose urinary tract infections, but the significance of the results depends on the broader clinical situation. [13] In the setting of UTI symptoms, positive dipstick results for nitrite and leukocyte esterase are strongly suggestive of a UTI, [ 138 ] [ 139 ] but negative results do not rule it out if there ...
Struvite urinary stones and crystals form readily in the urine of animals and humans that are infected with ammonia-producing organisms. They are potentiated by alkaline urine and high magnesium excretion (high magnesium/plant-based diets). They also are potentiated by a specific urinary protein in domestic cats.
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Otherwise a noncontrast helical CT scan with 5 millimeters (0.2 in) sections is the diagnostic method to use to detect kidney stones and confirm the diagnosis of kidney stone disease. [16] [57] [61] [66] [7] Near all stones are detectable on CT scans with the exception of those composed of certain drug residues in the urine, [59] such as from ...