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In the 1980s, Donald G. Dutton and Susan L. Painter explored the concept of traumatic bonding theory in the context of abusive relationships and domestic violence. [2] [12] This work was then further studied in the contexts of parent-child relationships, sexual exploitation, and more.
Psychological abuse, often known as emotional abuse or mental abuse, is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or exposing another person to a behavior that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, clinical depression or post-traumatic stress disorder amongst other psychological problems.
Nearly half of all women (48.4 per cent) and men (48.8 per cent) experience psychological abuse in relationships over their lifetime, one US study found, while 95 per cent of physically abusive ...
Controlling behavior in relationships are behaviors exhibited by an individual who seeks to gain and maintain control over another person. [1] [2] [3] Abusers may utilize tactics such as intimidation or coercion, and may seek personal gain, personal gratification, and the enjoyment of exercising power and control. [4]
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The cycle of abuse is a social cycle theory developed in 1979 by Lenore E. Walker to explain patterns of behavior in an abusive relationship. The phrase is also used more generally to describe any set of conditions which perpetuate abusive and dysfunctional relationships, such as abusive child rearing practices which tend to get passed down.
Emotional blackmail typically involves two people who have established a close personal or intimate relationship (parent and child, spouses, siblings, or two close friends). [4] Children, too, will employ special pleading and emotional blackmail to promote their own interests, and self-development, within the family system.
Although the rejected party's psychological and physical health may decline, the estrangement initiator's may improve due to the cessation of abuse and conflict. [2] [3] The social rejection in family estrangement is the equivalent of ostracism which undermines four fundamental human needs: the need to belong, the need for control in social situations, the need to maintain high levels of self ...