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Over its history, the British constitutional system had widespread influence around the world on the constitutional governance and legal systems of other countries, propagating the spread of the principles of the rule of law, parliamentary sovereignty and judicial independence. [156] [157] [158] [159]
The history of the British constitution, though officially beginning in 1800, [252] traces back to a time long before the four nations of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland were fully formed. [253] Before the Norman Invasion of 1066, the written history of law was scant. [254]
The constitution of British regional governments is an uncodified patchwork of authorities, mayors, councils and devolved government. [278] In Wales , Scotland , Northern Ireland and London unified district or borough councils have local government powers, and since 1998 to 2006 new regional assemblies or Parliaments exercise extra powers ...
In this country, there is no conventionally understood written constitution to this day, in other words: a formal constitution, as is the case in other countries. Instead of one document, there are a number of norms called constitutional conventions, or the constitution in a material sense. The doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty applies.
Constitutional history is the area of historical study covering both written constitutions and uncodified constitutions, and became an academic discipline during the 19th century. The Oxford Companion to Law (1980) defined it as the study of the "origins, evolution and historical development" of the constitution of a community. [1]
The system was modeled on the British constitution, with the governor corresponding to the monarch, the council to the House of Lords and the assembly to the House of Commons. [6] The American colonists were proud of their status as British subjects and claimed the same rights of Englishmen as their counterparts in the mother country. [7]
In the 2008 case of R (Bancoult) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (No 2), an Order in Council of the British government was found to have no basis in law by a minority of judges on final appeal, which held that additional powers can be granted to actors on behalf of the government only through parliament.
The phrase Fundamental Laws of England has often been used by those opposing particular legislative, royal or religious initiatives.. For example, in 1641 the House of Commons of England protested that the Roman Catholic Church was "subverting the fundamental laws of England and Ireland", [3] part of a campaign ending in 1649 with the beheading of King Charles I.