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For instance, if the ADI is based on data from humans the safety factor is usually 10 instead of 100. The ADI is usually given in mg per kg body weight. [5] The ADI is considered a safe intake level for a healthy adult of normal weight who consumes an average daily amount of the substance in question.
The recommended adequate intake of sodium is 1,500 milligrams (3.9 g salt) per day, and people over 50 need even less." [13] The Daily Value for potassium, 4,700 mg per day, was based on a study of men who were given 14.6 g of sodium chloride per day and treated with potassium supplements until the frequency of salt sensitivity was reduced to 20%.
Drugs come with a recommended dose in milligrams or micrograms per kilogram of body weight, and that is used in conjunction with the patient's age and body weight to determine a safe dose. In single-dose scenarios, the patient's body weight and the drug's recommended dose per kilogram are used to determine a safe one-time dose.
Tolerable weekly intake (TWI) estimates the amount per unit body weight of a potentially harmful substance or contaminant in food or water that can be ingested over a lifetime without risk of adverse health effects. [1] [2] TWI is generally preceded by "provisional" to indicate insufficient data exists, increasing uncertainty. [3]
Supplements may only contain dosages of 21 mg/day. [45] European Food Safety Authority: 12 mg/day [25] Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (厚生労働省, Kōsei-rōdō-shō) Japan 40–60 mg/day The adult UL was set at 40–45 mg/day for women and 50–60 mg/day for men, with the lower values in those ranges for adults over 70 years of age
The World Health Organization (WHO) has introduced a TDI for melamine as 0.2 milligrams (mg)/kg body weight (b.w.) as of 2008. [5] Similarly the established TDI range for dioxin according to WHO is 1-4 picograms toxic equivalency/kg body weight as of 1998. [6]
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As discussed previously, vitamin C generally exhibits low toxicity. The LD 50 (the dose that will kill 50% of a population) is generally accepted to be 11,900 milligrams (11.9 grams) per kilogram in rat populations. [23] The American Association of Poison Control Centers has reported zero deaths from vitamin C toxicity in 2018. [24]
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