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Arsenic occurs in nature as one stable isotope, 75 As, and is therefore called a monoisotopic element. [28] As of 2024, at least 32 radioisotopes have also been synthesized, ranging in atomic mass from 64 to 95. [29] [30] The most stable of these is 73 As with a half-life of 80.30 days.
Arsenic poisoning (or arsenicosis) is a medical condition that occurs due to elevated levels of arsenic in the body. [4] If arsenic poisoning occurs over a brief period of time, symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, encephalopathy, and watery diarrhea that contains blood. [1]
Effective long-term ion exchange removal of arsenic requires a trained operator to maintain the column. Both reverse osmosis and electrodialysis (also called electrodialysis reversal) can remove arsenic with a net ionic charge. (Note that arsenic oxide, As 2 O 3, is a
Arsenic compounds have been known for at least 5000 years, and the ancient Greek Theophrastus recognized the arsenic minerals called realgar and orpiment. Elemental arsenic was discovered in the 13th century by Albertus Magnus. [14] Antimony was well known to the ancients. A 5000-year-old vase made of nearly pure antimony exists in the Louvre.
Under wet conditions, the mold Scopulariopsis brevicaulis produced significant amounts of methyl arsines via methylation [25] of arsenic-containing inorganic pigments, especially Paris green and Scheele's green. In these compounds, the arsenic is either pentavalent or trivalent (arsenic is in group 15), depending on the compound.
The arsenic (As) cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of natural and anthropogenic exchanges of arsenic terms through the atmosphere, lithosphere, pedosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Although arsenic is naturally abundant in the Earth's crust, long-term exposure and high concentrations of arsenic can be detrimental to human health. [1] [2]
Arsenic is a moderately abundant element in Earth's crust, and although many arsenic compounds are often considered highly toxic to most life, a wide variety of organoarsenic compounds are produced biologically and various organic and inorganic arsenic compounds are metabolized by numerous organisms.
Arsenic forms colorless, odorless, crystalline oxides As 2 O 3 ("white arsenic") and As 2 O 5 which are hygroscopic and readily soluble in water to form acidic solutions. Arsenic(V) acid is a weak acid and the salts are called arsenates, [5] the most common arsenic contamination of groundwater, and a problem that affects