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The Cyrillic script (/ s ɪ ˈ r ɪ l ɪ k / ⓘ sih-RIL-ik), Slavonic script or simply Slavic script is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia.It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia, and used by ...
The last language to adopt Cyrillic was the Gagauz language, which had used Greek script before. In Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, the use of Cyrillic to write local languages has often been a politically controversial issue since the collapse of the Soviet Union, as it evokes the era of Soviet rule and Russification.
The Early Cyrillic alphabet, also called classical Cyrillic or paleo-Cyrillic, is an alphabetic writing system that was developed in Medieval Bulgaria in the Preslav Literary School during the late 9th century. It is used to write the Church Slavonic language, and was historically used for its ancestor, Old Church Slavonic.
The early Cyrillic alphabet was developed by the disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius at the Preslav Literary School at the end of the 9th century as a simplification of the Glagolitic alphabet which more closely resembled the Greek alphabet. The Cyrillic script was devised from the Greek alphabet and Glagolitic alphabet. [36]
The Cyrillic alphabet and Russian spelling generally employ fewer diacritics than those used in other European languages written with the Latin alphabet. The only diacritic, in the proper sense, is the acute accent ́ (Russian: знак ударения 'mark of stress'), which marks stress on a vowel, as it is done in Spanish and Greek.
The theory that Glagolitic script was created before Cyrillic was first put forth by G. Dobner in 1785, [1] and since Pavel Jozef Šafárik's 1857 study of Glagolitic monuments, Über den Ursprung und die Heimat des Glagolitismus, there has been a virtual consensus in the academic circles that St. Cyril developed the Glagolitic alphabet, rather than the Cyrillic. [2]
Cyrillic Example α а: Ελλάδα → Эллада: αι э (word-initially), е (all other cases) αιώνας → эонас, χαιρετάω → херетао αϊ ай: Ταϊβάν → Тайван αυ /af/ before a voiceless consonant; /av/ otherwise ав: αυτό → авто, σαύρα → савра β в: βήτα → вита ...
The nasal vowels (spelled in the Cyrillic alphabet with yuses), which had developed from Common Slavic *eN and *oN before a consonant, were replaced with nonnasalized vowels: Proto-Slavic *ǫ > Russian u; Proto-Slavic *ę > Russian ja (i.e. /a/ with palatalization or softening of the preceding consonant) Examples: