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Plinian eruptions or Vesuvian eruptions are volcanic eruptions marked by their similarity to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, which destroyed the ancient Roman cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii. The eruption was described in a letter [1] written by Pliny the Younger, after the death of his uncle Pliny the Elder.
[15] [16] Pliny the Younger, author of the only surviving written testimony, described the morning before the eruption as normal; however, he was staying at Misenum 29 kilometres (18 mi) from the volcano across the Bay of Naples. The first day of the eruption had little effect on Misenum. [15] Pompeii is never mentioned in Pliny the Younger's ...
The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington, which ripped apart the volcano's summit, was a Plinian eruption of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 5. [3] The strongest types of eruptions, with a VEI of 8, are so-called "Ultra-Plinian" eruptions, such as the one at Lake Toba 74 thousand years ago, which put out 2800 times the material ...
The Plinian eruption column stretched more than 30 miles high when the volcano released about 90 cubic miles of magma. ... Those collapses were responsible for most of the more than 840 deaths ...
The eruptions vary greatly in severity but are characterized by explosive outbursts of the kind dubbed Plinian after Pliny the Younger, a Roman writer who published a detailed description of the AD 79 eruption, including his uncle's death. [25] On occasion, eruptions from Vesuvius have been so large that the whole of southern Europe has been ...
The 2011 eruption of Grímsvötn was a Plinian eruption of Grímsvötn, Iceland's most active volcano, which caused disruption to air travel in Northwestern Europe from 22–25 May 2011. The last eruption of Grímsvötn was in 2004, [ 2 ] with the previous most powerful eruptions in 1783, 1873 and 1902.
[1] [2] [3] A minor eruption was recorded in 1500 by a singular source from Ambrosio Leone, however this event was likely caused due to a phreatic event, increased fumarolic activity, or major rockfall. Topography of Mount Vesuvius prior to the 1631 eruption. Prior to the eruption, Mount Vesuvius was lush with dense vegetation.
From earthquakes in Indonesia, flooding in Japan and a volcanic eruption in Guatemala, thousands have lost their lives in natural disasters in 2018, and hundreds of thousands more were injured or ...