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Recent progress in deriving the Page curve for unitary black hole evaporation is a significant step towards finding both a resolution to the information paradox and a more general understanding of unitarity in quantum gravity. [21] Many researchers consider deriving the Page curve as synonymous with solving the black hole information paradox.
The thought experiment concerning Alice and Bob is as follows: Alice throws a k qubit quantum state into a black hole that is entangled with Bob's quantum computer. Bob collects the Hawking radiation emitted by the black hole and feeds it into his quantum computer where he applies the appropriate quantum gates that will decode Alice's state.
The simplest models of black hole evaporation lead to the black hole information paradox. The information content of a black hole appears to be lost when it dissipates, as under these models the Hawking radiation is random (it has no relation to the original information).
Stephen Hawking’s suggestion that black holes “leak” radiation left physicists with a problem they have been attempting to solve for 51 years.
The Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet was a public bet on the outcome of the black hole information paradox made in 1997 by physics theorists Kip Thorne and Stephen Hawking on the one side, and John Preskill on the other, according to the document they signed 6 February 1997, [1] as shown in Hawking's 2001 book The Universe in a Nutshell.
Let | be an arbitrary quantum state in some Hilbert space and let there be a physical process that transforms | | with = | |. If is independent of the input state | , then in the enlarged Hilbert space the mapping is of the form | | | | = | (| | ), where | is the initial state of the environment, | 's are the orthonormal basis of the environment Hilbert space and denotes the fact that one may ...
Ever since Stephen Hawking suggested information is lost in an evaporating black hole once it passes through the event horizon and is inevitably destroyed at the singularity, and that this can turn pure quantum states into mixed states, some physicists have wondered if a complete theory of quantum gravity might be able to conserve information with a unitary time evolution.
A black hole with the mass of a car would have a diameter of about 10 −24 m and take a nanosecond to evaporate, during which time it would briefly have a luminosity of more than 200 times that of the Sun. Lower-mass black holes are expected to evaporate even faster; for example, a black hole of mass 1 TeV/c 2 would take less than 10 −88 ...