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The talus bone of the ankle joint connects the leg to the foot. The head of talus looks forward and medialward; its anterior articular or navicular surface is large, oval, and convex. Its inferior surface has two facets, which are best seen in the fresh condition. [8]
The posterior talocalcaneal articulation is formed by a concave surface of the talus and a convex surface of the calcaneus. [3] The sustentaculum tali forms the floor of middle facet, and the anterior facet articulates with the head of the talus, and sits lateral and congruent to the middle facet. In some people the middle and anterior facets ...
As its shape suggests, this joint is a synovial ball-and-socket joint. [1] It is composed of three articular surfaces: The articulation between the medial talar articular surface on the sustentaculum tali of the superior calcaneus and the corresponding medial facet found inferiorly on the talus neck [2]
Talus flatirons lie within the scarp slope – and pediment flatirons occur within the transition zone between scarp and foreland. Pediment flatirons can merge downward into a fluvial terrace. Both talus and pediment flatirons are the relict remnants of formerly active slope systems that were once part of the scarp's history. [7] [8]
The axis of rotation in the joint is directed upward 42 degrees from the horizontal plane and 16 degrees medially from the midline of the foot. However, together, the subtalar facets form a screw or Archimedean spiral (right-handed in the right foot) about which subtalar motion occurs. So, during subtalar inversion, the calcaneus also rotates ...
The interosseous talocalcaneal ligament forms the chief bond of union between the talus and calcaneus.. It is a portion of the united capsules of the talocalcaneonavicular and the talocalcaneal joints, and consists of two partially united layers of fibers, one belonging to the former and the other to the latter joint.
The dorsal or superomedial component of the ligament presents a fibrocartilaginous facet, lined by the synovial membrane, upon which a portion of the head of the talus rests. Its plantar surface, consisting of the intermedial and lateral ligaments, is supported by the tendon of the tibialis posterior ; its medial border is blended with the ...
Between these superior articulations and the equivalents on the talus is the tarsal sinus (a canal occupied by the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament). [citation needed] At the upper and forepart of the medial surface of the calcaneus, below the middle talar facet, there is a horizontal eminence, the talar shelf (also sustentaculum tali). [2]