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Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a general term for damage to the lungs as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. [1] In general terms, such damage is divided into early inflammatory damage ( radiation pneumonitis ) and later complications of chronic scarring ( radiation fibrosis ).
Side effects on the lungs can be very varied, and can include signs and symptoms that are either clinical, or radiological (i.e., seen on chest X-ray or CT), or both.They can include lung inflammation (pneumonitis), secondary (in this context, indirectly caused) lung infection (), lung fibrosis, organising pneumonia (bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia, BOOP), ARDS (acute respiratory ...
Radiation, used to treat cancer, can cause pneumonitis when applied to the chest or full body. [16] Radiation pneumonitis occurs in approximately 30% of advanced lung cancer patients treated with radiation therapy. [16] Aspiration pneumonitis is caused by a chemical inhalation of harmful gastric contents which include causes such as:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of respiratory failure characterized by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs. [1] Symptoms include shortness of breath (dyspnea), rapid breathing (tachypnea), and bluish skin coloration (cyanosis). [1]
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation sickness or radiation poisoning, is a collection of health effects that are caused by being exposed to high amounts of ionizing radiation in a short period of time. [1] Symptoms can start within an hour of exposure, and can last for several months.
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) encompasses radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. Lung tissue is sensitive to ionizing radiation, tolerating only 18–20 Gy, [41] a fraction of typical therapeutic dosage levels. The lung's terminal airways and associated alveoli can become damaged, preventing effective respiratory gas exchange.
Pneumonitis refers to lung inflammation; pneumonia refers to pneumonitis, usually due to infection but sometimes non-infectious, that has the additional feature of pulmonary consolidation. [81] Pneumonia is most commonly classified by where or how it was acquired: community-acquired, aspiration, healthcare-associated , hospital-acquired , and ...
Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis is the longest word in the English language. The word can be analysed as follows: Pneumono: from ancient Greek (πνεύμων, pneúmōn) which means lungs; ultra: from Latin, meaning beyond; micro and scopic: from ancient Greek, meaning small looking, referring to the fineness of ...