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Vagusstoff (literally translated from German as "Vagus Substance") refers to the substance released by stimulation of the vagus nerve which causes a reduction in the heart rate. Discovered in 1921 by physiologist Otto Loewi , vagusstoff was the first confirmation of chemical synaptic transmission and the first neurotransmitter ever discovered.
His experiment was iconic because it was the first to demonstrate the endogenous release of a chemical substance that could cause a response in the absence of electrical stimulation. It paved the way for the understanding that the electrical signaling event (action potential) causes a chemical event (release of neurotransmitter from synapses ...
Vagusstoff transmitted inhibition from the vagus nerves, and Acceleransstoff transmitted stimulation from the sympathetic nerves to the heart. [31] Loewi took some years to commit himself with respect to the nature of the Stoffe , but in 1926 he was sure that Vagusstoff was acetylcholine, writing in 1936 [ 32 ] "I no longer hesitate to identify ...
The 1921 discovery by Otto Loewi of Vagusstoff using frog hearts resulted in the identification of acetylcholine as the first neurotransmitter. [10] Enkephalin using bioassays such as the mouse vas deferens as a bioassay. [11] Nitric oxide using both assays of bull retractor penis and aortic ring. [12]
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All of these guidelines can be useful in proving exactly when a discovery was made, in the case of a patent dispute. However following March 2013, lab notebooks are of limited legal use in the United States, due to a change in the law that grants patents to the first person to file, rather than the first person to invent. [7]
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Main building of Vipeholm hospital, now a secondary school. The Vipeholm experiments or Vipeholm Study (Swedish: Vipeholmsexperimenten) were a series of human experiments where patients of Vipeholm Hospital for the intellectually disabled in Lund, Sweden, were fed large amounts of sweets, including "extra sticky toffee" [clarification needed] to provoke dental caries.