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A transformer is a deep learning architecture that was developed by researchers at Google and is based on the multi-head attention mechanism, which was proposed in the 2017 paper "Attention Is All You Need". [1]
The paper introduced a new deep learning architecture known as the transformer, based on the attention mechanism proposed in 2014 by Bahdanau et al. [4] It is considered a foundational [5] paper in modern artificial intelligence, as the transformer approach has become the main architecture of large language models like those based on GPT.
It is based on the transformer deep learning architecture, pre-trained on large data sets of unlabeled text, and able to generate novel human-like content. [2] [3] As of 2023, most LLMs had these characteristics [7] and are sometimes referred to broadly as GPTs. [8] The first GPT was introduced in 2018 by OpenAI. [9]
A standard Transformer architecture, showing on the left an encoder, and on the right a decoder. Note: it uses the pre-LN convention, which is different from the post-LN convention used in the original 2017 Transformer. Transformer (deep learning architecture) A transformer is a deep learning architecture that was developed
T5 (Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer) is a series of large language models developed by Google AI introduced in 2019. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Like the original Transformer model, [ 3 ] T5 models are encoder-decoder Transformers , where the encoder processes the input text, and the decoder generates the output text.
During the deep learning era, attention mechanism was developed to solve similar problems in encoding-decoding. [1]In machine translation, the seq2seq model, as it was proposed in 2014, [24] would encode an input text into a fixed-length vector, which would then be decoded into an output text.
Deep learning has been placed on a high altar in recent years, especially because of its application in the large language models (LLMs) that power today’s generative AI.
Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) is a language model introduced in October 2018 by researchers at Google. [1] [2] It learns to represent text as a sequence of vectors using self-supervised learning. It uses the encoder-only transformer architecture.