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De Facto Classification of Exchange Rate Arrangements, as of April 30, 2021, and Monetary Policy Frameworks [2] Exchange rate arrangement (Number of countries) Exchange rate anchor Monetary aggregate target (25) Inflation Targeting framework (45) Others (43) US Dollar (37) Euro (28) Composite (8) Other (9) No separate legal tender (16) Ecuador ...
The currency composition of foreign exchange reserves affects global financial markets, interest rates, and currency valuations. A high concentration in a single currency (especially the U.S. dollar) can lead to vulnerabilities in times of global economic stress.
Pakistan's foreign exchange reserves equal to just five weeks of merchandise imports. [27] The consistent depreciation of the rupee is said to be deepening the economic crisis. [28] At the end of March, the rupee stood at 183.48 to $1. On 9 December 2022, it closed at 224.40. [27]
The State Bank of Pakistan then stabilized the exchange rate by lowering interest rates and buying dollars, to preserve the country's export competitiveness. 2008 was termed a disastrous year for the rupee after the elections: between December 2007 and August 2008, it lost 23% of its value, falling to a record low of Rs.79/ 20 against the US ...
In June 2013, Pakistan was on the brink of default on its financial commitments. The country's forex reserves were at a historic low, covering only two weeks' worth of imports. In January 2020, Pakistan's foreign exchange reserves stood at US$11.503 billion. [66]
International dollar – hypothetical currency pegged 1:1 to ... – Pakistan; Portuguese Indian rupia ... List of countries by exchange rate regime; List of central ...
In general, the exchange rate where the foreign currency is converted to a smaller number of domestic currencies is the buying rate, which indicates how much the country's currency is required to buy a certain amount of foreign exchange. Selling rate: Also known as the foreign exchange selling price, it refers to the exchange rate used by the ...
Fixed currency Anchor currency Rate (anchor / fixed) Abkhazian apsar: Russian ruble: 0.1 Alderney pound (only coins) [1]: Pound sterling: 1 Aruban florin: U.S. dollar: 1.79