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Stress urinary incontinence is a common problem related to the function of the urethral sphincter. Weak pelvic floor muscles, intrinsic sphincter damage, or damage to the surrounding nerves and tissue can make the urethral sphincter incompetent, and subsequently it will not close fully, leading to stress urinary incontinence.
The bladder also contains β 3 adrenergic receptors, and pharmacological agonists of this receptor are used to treat overactive bladder. The mucosa of the urinary bladder may herniate through the detrusor muscle. [6] This is most often an acquired condition due to high pressure in the urinary bladder, damage, or existing connective tissue ...
The internal urethral sphincter is a urethral sphincter muscle which constricts the internal urethral orifice.It is located at the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder and is continuous with the detrusor muscle, [1] [2] but anatomically and functionally fully independent from it. [3]
The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites , and regulate blood pH .
If the prostate grows too large, it may constrict the urethra and impede the flow of urine, making urination painful and difficult, or in extreme cases completely impossible, causing urinary retention. [28] Over time, chronic retention may cause the bladder to become larger and cause a backflow of urine into the kidneys (hydronephrosis). [28]
The urinary bladder forms from the urogenital sinus. Over time, as the bladder enlarges, it absorbs the surrounding parts of the primitive ureters. [8] Finally, the entry points of the ureters into the bladder move upwards, owing to the upward migration of the kidneys in the developing embryo. [8]
The pubovesical ligament is the continuation of the detrusor muscle and the adventitia surrounding the urinary bladder. [1] [2] It connects the urinary bladder to the pubis and to the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia. [1] It may also integrate fibres from the proximal side of the prostate in men. [2]
The lower portion is the pelvic cavity, and it contains the urinary bladder, the rest of the large intestine (the lower portion), and the internal reproductive organs. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] There is no membrane that separates out the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity, so the terms abdominal pelvis and peritoneal cavity are sometimes used.