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The two-pore-domain or tandem pore domain potassium channels are a family of 15 members that form what is known as leak channels which possess Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (open) rectification. [1] These channels are regulated by several mechanisms including signaling lipids , oxygen tension , pH , mechanical stretch , and G-proteins . [ 2 ]
BK channels (big potassium), are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, [1] also known as Maxi-K, slo1, or Kca1.1. BK channels are voltage-gated potassium channels that conduct large amounts of potassium ions (K + ) across the cell membrane , hence their name, big potassium .
Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) are transmembrane channels specific for potassium and sensitive to voltage changes in the cell's membrane potential. During action potentials , they play a crucial role in returning the depolarized cell to a resting state.
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Hypokalemia is a low level of potassium (K +) in the blood serum. [1] Mild low potassium does not typically cause symptoms. [3] Symptoms may include feeling tired, leg cramps, weakness, and constipation. [1]
With no potassium intake, it is excreted at about 200 mg per day until, in about a week, potassium in the serum declines to a mildly deficient level of 3.0–3.5 mmol/L. [108] If potassium is still withheld, the concentration continues to fall until a severe deficiency causes eventual death.
Potassium resides mainly inside the cells of the body, so its concentration in the blood can range anywhere from 3.5 mEq/L to 5 mEq/L. [14] The kidneys are responsible for excreting the majority of potassium from the body. [14] This means their function is crucial for maintaining a proper balance of potassium in the blood stream.
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with a sharp, salty, bitter taste and the chemical formula K N O 3. It is a potassium salt of nitric acid. This salt consists of potassium cations K + and nitrate anions NO − 3, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate. It occurs in nature as a mineral, niter (or nitre outside the US). [5]