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Charles Minard's map of Napoleon's disastrous Russian campaign of 1812. The graphic is notable for its representation in two dimensions of six types of data: the number of Napoleon's troops; distance; temperature; the latitude and longitude; direction of travel; and location relative to specific dates. [5]
Original - Charles Minard's 1869 chart details the losses of men, the position of the army, and the freezing temperatures on Napoleon's disastrous Russian campaign of 1812. Created in an effort to show the horrors of war, the graph "defies the pen of the historian in its brutal eloquence." Reason
Figurative Map of the successive losses in men of the French Army in the Russian campaign 1812–1813. Drawn up by M. Minard, Inspector General of Bridges and Roads in retirement. Paris, 20 November 1869.
Minard's infographic (see below) depicts the march ingeniously by showing the size of the advancing army, overlaid on a rough map, as well as the retreating soldiers together with temperatures recorded (as much as 30 below zero on the Réaumur scale) on their return. The numbers on this chart have 422,000 crossing the Neman with Napoleon ...
Napoleon's withdrawal from Russia, painting by Adolph Northen Napoleon among his retreating troops at the Berezina, painting by Albrecht Adam. Following the campaign, a saying arose that "General Winter" defeated Napoleon, alluding to the Russian Winter. Minard's map shows that the opposite is true as the French losses were highest in the ...
Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment; current: 01:19, 12 July 2021: 512 × 237 (422 KB): Bobarino: Fixed the portions of the returning troops that pass under the outgoing troups.
The French policy is said to have been spread by Napoleon as his armies marched through Europe. Some evidence for this can be found by looking at a map of the Napoleonic empire in 1812.
He says on p. 40 of the book, "Minard's graphic tells a rich, coherent story with its multivariate data, far more enlightening than just a single number bouncing along over time. Six variables are plotted: the size of the army, its location on a two-dimensional surface, direction of the army's movement, and temperature on various dates during ...