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Ordinary moral discourse and most philosophical systems state that a prohibition on doing harm to others as in #1 is more compelling than any duty to benefit others as in #2–4. This makes the concept of "first do no harm" different from the other aspects of beneficence. [2] One example illustrating this concept is the trolley problem.
Executive Order 14168, titled "Defending Women from Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Truth to the Federal Government", is an executive order issued by Donald Trump on January 20, 2025, [1] the day of his second inauguration as president of the United States.
Gause's law or the competitive exclusion principle, named for Georgy Gause, states that two species competing for the same resource cannot coexist at constant population values. The competition leads either to the extinction of the weaker competitor or to an evolutionary or behavioral shift toward a different ecological niche .
Bioethics is both a field of study and professional practice, interested in ethical issues related to health (primarily focused on the human, but also increasingly includes animal ethics), including those emerging from advances in biology, medicine, and technologies.
Edwards v. Aguillard, 482 U.S. 578 (1987), was a United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of teaching creationism.The Court considered a Louisiana law requiring that where evolutionary science was taught in public schools, creation science must also be taught.
Revised edition 2006. Tit-for-tat as a cooperative strategy. Reciprocal altruism in evolutionary biology and rational choice theory. Barry, Brian. A Treatise on Social Justice. Volume I: Theories of Justice. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. Sustained criticism of justice as mutual advantage, including justice as reciprocity.
But a reforming justice system is feeding addicts into an unreformed treatment system, one that still carries vestiges of inhumane practices — and prejudices — from more than half a century ago. John Peterson got hooked on heroin in the mid-1950s, soon after returning home to Los Angeles from a stint in the Army.
The rules are designed to ensure a fair and consistent application of due process (in the U.S.) or fundamental justice (in other common law countries) to all cases that come before a court. [1] Substantive law, which refers to the actual claim and defense whose validity is tested through the procedures of procedural law, is different from ...