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Peridot olivine is the birthstone for the month of August. [17] Peridot has often been mistaken for emerald beryl and other green gems. [18] Noted gemologist G.F. Kunz discussed the confusion between beryl and peridot in many church treasures, most notably the "Three Magi treasure" in the Dom of Cologne, Germany. [19] [1]
The word peridotite comes from the gemstone peridot, which consists of pale green olivine. [1] Classic peridotite is bright green with some specks of black, although most hand samples tend to be darker green. Peridotitic outcrops typically range from earthy bright yellow to dark green; this is because olivine is easily weathered to iddingsite ...
The mineral olivine (/ ˈ ɒ l. ɪ ˌ v iː n /) is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe) 2 Si O 4.It is a type of nesosilicate or orthosilicate.The primary component of the Earth's upper mantle, [9] it is a common mineral in Earth's subsurface, but weathers quickly on the surface.
Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain calcium-rich varieties of plagioclase feldspar. Mafic materials can also be described as ferromagnesian.
They are used as a source of magnesium and asbestos, and as decorative stone. [5] The name comes from the greenish color and smooth or scaly appearance from the Latin serpentinus, meaning "snake-like". Serpentine subgroup is a set of common rock-forming hydrous magnesium iron phyllosilicate ((Mg,Fe) 3 Si 2 O 5
The mafic mineral in Proterozoic anorthosite may be clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, olivine, or, more rarely, amphibole. Oxides , such as magnetite or ilmenite , are also common. Most anorthosite plutons are very coarse grained ; that is, the individual plagioclase crystals and the accompanying mafic mineral are more than a few centimetres long.