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Bismuth compounds account for about half the global production of bismuth. They are used in cosmetics; pigments; and a few pharmaceuticals, notably bismuth subsalicylate, used to treat diarrhea. [9] Bismuth's unusual propensity to expand as it solidifies is responsible for some of its uses, as in the casting of printing type. [9]
In oxidation state +3, bismuth forms salts with all the halogens: BiF 3, BiCl 3, BiBr 3, and BiI 3. All hydrolyze in water except BiF 3. [5] Bismuth(III) chloride reacts with hydrogen chloride in ether solution to produce the acid HBiCl 4. [10] The oxidation state +5 is less frequently encountered. One such compound is the powerful oxidant and ...
Bismuth chloride (or butter of bismuth) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula BiCl 3. It is a covalent compound and is the common source of the Bi 3+ ion. In the gas phase and in the crystal, the species adopts a pyramidal structure, in accord with VSEPR theory .
It has bismuth in its +5 oxidation state. It is a very strong oxidizing agent. It reacts with hot water to make bismuth(III) oxide and oxygen. It also reacts with acids. Sodium bismuthate is the most common bismuthate. It is one of the few sodium compounds that does not dissolve in water. [1]
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide or CO 2 dissolved in water readily reacts with Bi 2 O 3 to generate bismuth subcarbonate. [12] Bismuth oxide is considered a basic oxide, which explains the high reactivity with CO 2. However, when acidic cations such as Si(IV) are introduced within the structure of the bismuth oxide, the reaction with CO 2 do not ...
If a compound dissolves in water, then it is considered to be hydrophilic. [6] Zinc chloride and calcium chloride, as well as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide (and many different salts), are so hygroscopic that they readily dissolve in the water they absorb: this property is called deliquescence.
Bismuth subcarbonate can be attained from the reaction between bismuth nanoparticles and the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) dissolved in water. [6] Bismuth subcarbonate has the tendency to form nanoplates, but it can be also obtained as small round nanospheres (with controlled size) when it is grown in the presence of halloysite nanotubes. [6]