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Zugzwang (from German 'compulsion to move'; pronounced [ˈtsuːktsvaŋ]) is a situation found in chess and other turn-based games wherein one player is put at a disadvantage because of their obligation to make a move; a player is said to be "in zugzwang" when any legal move will worsen their position.
The Immortal Zugzwang Game is a chess game between Friedrich Sämisch and Aron Nimzowitsch, played in Copenhagen in March 1923. It gained its name because the final position is sometimes considered a rare instance of zugzwang occurring in the middlegame . [ 1 ]
One of Nimzowitsch's most famous games is his celebrated immortal zugzwang game against Sämisch at Copenhagen 1923. Another game on this theme is his win over Paul Johner at Dresden 1926. When in form, Nimzowitsch was very dangerous with the black pieces, scoring many fine wins over top players.
The famous "Tomb Game" sees Black exploit two pins to drive his opponent's pieces into a corner and toward a position where White's only legal move will help Black to checkmate him. [68] 1972: Bobby Fischer vs Boris Spassky, 6th Match Game, Reykjavik. Game 6 of the highly publicized World Championship Match. Bobby Fischer surprises by opening ...
Zugzwang is a situation found in chess and other games wherein one player is put at a disadvantage because they must make a move when they would prefer to pass and not move. Zugzwang may also refer to: Zugzwang, a musical work by Juan María Solare; Zugzwang, a 2006 novel by Ronan Bennett "Zugzwang," an episode of the television series Extant
Perhaps his most famous game is his loss to Nimzowitsch at Copenhagen 1923 in the Immortal Zugzwang Game. He also played many beautiful games though, one of them being his win against Grünfeld at Karlovy Vary 1929, which won a brilliancy prize. In the same tournament he also won against José Raúl Capablanca. The former world champion lost a ...
There are exactly 209 positions of reciprocal zugzwang among rook and pawn versus rook endgames. All of them were tabulated and published. [76] [77] [78] The full list is available online. [79] Some of the zugzwangs are easy to understand (see position at the middle); some requires up to 54 moves to win.
Zugzwang is often a factor in endgames and rarely in other stages of the game. Mednis and Crouch address the question of what constitutes an endgame negatively. They believe that the game is not in the endgame if these apply: better development; open files for attacking; vulnerable king position; misplaced pieces. [11]