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A woman demonstrating the ability to balance A waiter balancing wine glasses. Balance in biomechanics, is an ability to maintain the line of gravity (vertical line from centre of mass) of a body within the base of support with minimal postural sway. [1] Sway is the horizontal movement of the centre of gravity even when a person is standing still.
In simpler terms, LoS represents the maximum distance an individual can intentionally sway in any direction without losing balance or needing to take a step. [2] The typical range of stable swaying is approximately 12.5° in the front-back (antero-posterior) direction and 16° in the side-to-side (medio-lateral) direction. [3]
This comes as a result of small contractions of muscles in the body to maintain an upright position. An increase in sway is not necessarily an indicator of poorer balance so much as it is an indicator of decreased neuromuscular control, [2] although it has been noted that postural sway is a precursor to a fall. [3]
Romberg's test, Romberg's sign, or the Romberg maneuver is a test used in an exam of neurological function for balance. The exam is based on the premise that a person requires at least two of the three following senses to maintain balance while standing: proprioception (the ability to know one's body position in space)
The barycenter is the point between two objects where they balance each other; it is the center of mass where two or more celestial bodies orbit each other. When a moon orbits a planet , or a planet orbits a star , both bodies are actually orbiting a point that lies away from the center of the primary (larger) body. [ 25 ]
The lower pivot point of this column must be held in place so that it cannot sway left–right and, to a lesser extent, front–back as the arms move, but it experiences no up–down movement forces — in this arrangement, the entire pivot process takes place on the upper central pivot point, which acts as the single fulcrum for the entire ...
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Specifically, the body is free to change position as forward/backward (surge), up/down (heave), left/right (sway) translation in three perpendicular axes, combined with changes in orientation through rotation about three perpendicular axes, often termed yaw (normal axis), pitch (transverse axis), and roll (longitudinal axis).