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Nerves involved in the resizing of the pupil connect to the pretectal nucleus of the high midbrain, bypassing the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex. From the pretectal nucleus neurons send axons to neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus whose visceromotor axons run along both the left and right oculomotor nerves .
Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil between 1.5 mm and 8 mm, [1] via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve. A constriction response , [2] is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates/opioids or anti-hypertension medications.
The symptoms of an opiate toxidrome include the classic triad of coma, pinpoint pupils and respiratory depression [3] as well as altered mental states, shock, pulmonary edema and unresponsiveness. Complications include bradycardia, hypotension and hypothermia. Substances that may cause this toxidrome are opioids.
Side effects include eye aches, dilated pupils, headaches, nearsightedness, or blurred or dimmed vision. Macular Degeneration Medication. ... Of all the drugs discussed, this one generally ...
A mydriatic pupil will remain excessively large even in a bright environment. The excitation of the radial fibres of the iris which increases the pupillary aperture is referred to as a mydriasis. More generally, mydriasis also refers to the natural dilation of pupils, for instance in low light conditions or under sympathetic stimulation.
Pupil sizes (left eye vs. right eye) Possible interpretation Normal eye with two pupils equal in size and reactive to light. This means that the patient is probably not in a coma and is probably lethargic, under influence of a drug, or sleeping. "Pinpoint" pupils indicate heroin or
Pinpoint pupils, or miosis, caused by opioids Because of their effect on the part of the brain that regulates breathing, opioids can cause very slow or stopped breathing, during overdoses, leading to hypoxia [ 16 ] or death if left untreated. [ 1 ]
Pilocarpine is a drug that acts as a muscarinic receptor agonist. It acts on a subtype of muscarinic receptor (M 3) found on the iris sphincter muscle, causing the muscle to contract - resulting in pupil constriction . Pilocarpine also acts on the ciliary muscle and causes it to contract.