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By one early investigation, the minimal genome of a bacterium should include a virtually complete set of proteins for replication and translation, a transcription apparatus including four subunits of RNA polymerase including the sigma factor rudimentary proteins sufficient for recombination and repair, several chaperone proteins, the capacity for anaerobic metabolism through glycolysis and ...
A replicon is a region of an organism's genome that is independently replicated from a single origin of replication [citation needed].A bacterial chromosome contains a single origin, and therefore the whole bacterial chromosome is a replicon.
MCM2-7 is required for both DNA replication initiation and elongation; its regulation at each stage is a central feature of eukaryotic DNA replication. [3] During G1 phase, the two head-to-head Mcm2-7 rings serve as the scaffold for the assembly of the bidirectional replication initiation complexes at the replication origin.
DNA transposons, LTR retrotransposons, SINEs, and LINEs make up a majority of the human genome. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), sometimes called selfish genetic elements, [1] are a type of genetic material that can move around within a genome, or that can be transferred from one species or replicon to another. MGEs are found in all organisms.
In molecular biology, an amplicon is a piece of DNA or RNA that is the source and/or product of amplification or replication events. It can be formed artificially, using various methods including polymerase chain reactions (PCR) or ligase chain reactions (LCR), or naturally through gene duplication .
An inverted repeat sequence: signals the end of replication of donor DNA and is responsible for transfer frequency, plasmid mobilization, and secondary DNA structure formation. [3] [8] [10] AT-rich region: important for DNA strand opening and is located adjacent to the inverted repeat sequences. [1] [3] [5] [8] [11] [12]
An example plasmid with two areas of antibiotic resistance coding DNA (1,2) and an origin of replication (3).. Plasmid-mediated resistance is the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes which are carried on plasmids. [1]
Copy number variation (CNV) is a phenomenon in which sections of the genome are repeated and the number of repeats in the genome varies between individuals. [1] Copy number variation is a type of structural variation : specifically, it is a type of duplication or deletion event that affects a considerable number of base pairs. [ 2 ]