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Line plot survey is a systematic sampling technique used on land surfaces for laying out sample plots within a rectangular grid to conduct forest inventory or agricultural research. It is a specific type of systematic sampling , similar to other statistical sampling methods such as random sampling , but more straightforward to carry out in ...
Hydrolevelling is an alternative to measuring depth with clinometer and tape that has a long history of use in Russia. [5] The technique is regularly used in building construction for finding two points with the same height, as in levelling a floor.
Example of hardware equipment for forest inventories: GPS and laser rangefinder for mapping connected to a field rugged computer. A timber cruise is a sample measurement of a stand used to estimate the amount of standing timber that the forest contains. These measurements are collected at sample locations called plots, quadrants, or strips.
In ecology, plot sampling is a widely used method of abundance estimation in which specific areas, or plots, are selected from within a survey region and sampled. This approach allows scientists to make population estimates using statistical techniques such as the Horvitz–Thompson estimator. Plot sampling is generally effective when it can be ...
Line chart showing the population of the town of Pushkin, Saint Petersburg from 1800 to 2010, measured at various intervals. A line chart or line graph, also known as curve chart, [1] is a type of chart that displays information as a series of data points called 'markers' connected by straight line segments. [2]
Although sensor sensitivity has improved and new methods have been developed, the most important developments have been automated data logging and computers that can handle and process large amounts of data. Increases in survey equipment performance and automation have made it possible to survey large areas rapidly.
Geodetic measuring devices measure georeferenced (relative to established locations outside the monitoring area) displacements or movements in one, two or three dimensions. It includes the use of instruments such as total stations , levels , InSAR , [ 2 ] and global navigation satellite system receivers .
Lux meter for measuring illuminance, i.e. incident luminous flux per unit area; Luminance meter for measuring luminance, i.e. luminous flux per unit area and unit solid angle; Light meter, an instrument used to set photographic exposures. It can be either a lux meter (incident-light meter) or a luminance meter (reflected-light meter), and is ...