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Battery electric vehicles operate solely in charge-depleting mode, and most plug-in hybrids operate in this mode at startup and switch to charge-sustaining mode after the battery has reached its minimum state of charge (SOC) threshold, exhausting the vehicle's all-electric range (AER). Although there is no technically mandated minimum all ...
Where GPM CD designates efficiency in charge-depleting mode, and GPM CS charge-sustaining mode as designated and d CD is distance in charge depleting mode. A plug-in hybrid's all-electric range is designated by PHEV-(miles) or PHEV-(kilometers) km representing the distance the vehicle can travel on battery power alone. For example, a PHEV-20 ...
This period is the vehicle's all-electric range. This is the only mode that a battery electric vehicle can operate in, hence their limited range. [120] Mixed mode describes a trip using a combination of multiple modes. For example, a car may begin a trip in low speed charge-depleting mode, then enter onto a freeway and operate in blended mode.
In a battery electric vehicle (BEV), the state of charge indicates the remaining energy in the battery pack. [4] It is the equivalent of a fuel gauge.. The state of charge can help to reduce electrical car's owners' anxiety when they are waiting in the line or stay at home since it will reflect the progress of charging and let owners know when it will be ready. [5]
An electronvolt is the amount of energy gained or lost by a single electron when it moves through an electric potential difference of one volt.Hence, it has a value of one volt, which is 1 J/C, multiplied by the elementary charge e = 1.602 176 634 × 10 −19 C. [2]
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An example of plug-in hybrids that operate in blended mode while charge-depleting is the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid. Because the Prius plug-in operates as a series-parallel hybrid , the U.S. EPA estimated its EV range for blended operation on a combination of electricity (from a fully charged battery pack) and gasoline as 11 mi (18 km) until ...
[9] [4] Functioning as a plug-in hybrid, the Volt can operate as a purely electric vehicle for the first 25 to 50 miles (40 to 80 km) in charge-depleting mode. When the battery capacity drops below a pre-established threshold from full charge, the vehicle enters charge-sustaining mode.