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A pennyweight (dwt) is a unit of mass equal to 24 grains, 1 ⁄ 20 of a troy ounce, 1 ⁄ 240 of a troy pound, 48 ⁄ 875 avoirdupois ounce [1] and exactly 1.55517384 grams. [2] It is abbreviated dwt , d standing for denarius – (an ancient Roman coin), and later used as the symbol of an old British penny (see £sd ).
The pennyweight symbol is dwt. One pennyweight weighs 24 grains, and 20 pennyweights make one troy ounce. [15] Because there were 12 troy ounces in the old troy pound, there would have been 240 pennyweights to the pound (mass) – just as there were 240 pennies in the original pound-sterling.
In the evolutionary approach, the foot was to be derived from these lengths by a simple integer factor, which would be either three (pendulum) or five (rod), i.e. lengthening it from the traditional value of about 304 mm by slightly over 1 inch to ca. 331 mm or shortening it by about a quarter of an inch to ca. 298 mm.
See Weight for detail of mass/weight distinction and conversion. Avoirdupois is a system of mass based on a pound of 16 ounces, while Troy weight is the system of mass where 12 troy ounces equals one troy pound. The symbol g 0 is used to denote standard gravity in order to avoid confusion with the (upright) g symbol for gram.
The carat (ct) is a unit of mass equal to 200 mg (0.00705 oz; 0.00643 ozt), which is used for measuring gemstones and pearls. The current definition, sometimes known as the metric carat , was adopted in 1907 at the Fourth General Conference on Weights and Measures , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and soon afterwards in many countries around the world.
fluid ounces Imperial fluid ounce (fl oz) ≡ 1 imp fl oz. ≈ 0.960 759 940 40 US fl oz ≈ 0.947 102 083 33 US fl oz (food) ≡ 28.413 0625 mL ≡ 0.028 413 0625 L. US fluid ounce (customary) (fl oz) ≈ 1.040 842 730 79 imp fl oz. ≡ 1 US fl oz ≡ 0.985 784 318 75 US fl oz (food) ≡ 29.573 529 5625 mL ≡ 0.029 573 529 5625 L. US fluid ounce
English-speaking countries also used a system of units of fluid measure, or in modern terminology volume units, based on the apothecaries' system. Originally, the terms and symbols used to describe the volume measurements of liquids were the same as or similar to those used to describe weight measurements of solids [33] (for example, the pound by weight and the fluid pint were both referred to ...
Pennyweight; Pood; Roll – a U.K. unit of mass for butter and cheese [7]: 46 equal to 24 oz (680 g) [7]: 52 Room – a U.K. unit of mass of coal equivalent to 15,680 lb (7,110 kg) [7]: 52 Sarpler; Ship load; Slug; Talent – a unit of mass in the tens of kg; Tank; Tod; Truss – a unit of mass used to describe tight bundle of hay or straw.