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The Hawken rifle is a muzzle-loading rifle that was widely used on the prairies and in the Rocky Mountains of the United States during the early frontier days. Developed in the 1820s, it became synonymous with the "plains rifle", the buffalo gun, and a trade rifle for fur trappers, traders, clerks, and hunters.
According to company records 8,700 rifles were made in all models from 1878 until the Sharps Rifle Co. closed down in 1881. [1] Although it was designed for the huge black powder "buffalo" cartridges of the day, it came too late, at the very end of the great bison slaughter. [2]
In rifles firing Minié balls, the patch, often the paper wrapping from the cartridge, is used as an initial seal and to hold powder in place during loading. The Minié ball replaced the round ball in most firearms, especially for military use, in the 1840s and 1850s [ citation needed ] .
Black powder cartridge rifle (BPCR) refers to modern shooting sports which employ black powder cartridge rifles. These firearms, often of the type referred to as " buffalo rifles ", are single-shot firearms using a fixed metallic cartridge containing black powder , which launch heavy projectiles at relatively low velocities.
Then, in 1970, Thompson/Center created the modern black powder industry, introducing Warren Center's Hawken-styled black powder muzzle-loader rifle. [ 2 ] On January 4, 2007, Thompson/Center was purchased by S&W. [ 3 ] On April 30th, 2025 Thompson/Center was purchased back from Smith & Wesson and is now privately held and family owned and once ...
In the modern day, it is used for Black Powder Cartridge Rifle competitions. [1] While various bullet weights were used, a typical load for the .45-90 was a powder charge 90 grains (5.8 g) gunpowder (black powder) with a bullet weighing 400 grains (26 g). Such a load would have had a muzzle velocity of around 1,300 ft/s (400 m/s).
The .50-90 Sharps (13x64mmR), also known as the .50-2 1 ⁄ 2" Sharps, is a black-powder rifle cartridge that was introduced by Sharps Rifle Manufacturing Company in 1872 as a buffalo (American bison) hunting round. Like other large black-powder rounds, it incorporates a heavy bullet and a large powder volume, leading to high muzzle energies.
A single-shot black-powder rifle, the kammerlader was operated with a crank mounted on the side of the receiver. This made it much quicker and easier to load than the weapons previously used. Kammerladers quickly gained a reputation for being fast and accurate rifles, and would have been a deadly weapon against massed ranks of infantry.