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Before the 1960s, the telephone exchange with telephone switchboards and operators played a crucial role in connecting phone calls. A telephone switchboard is a device that allows telephone lines to be interconnected, enabling the routing of calls between different phones or phone networks. [17]
The telephone played a major communications role in American history from the 1876 publication of its first patent by Alexander Graham Bell onward. In the 20th century the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) dominated the telecommunication market as the at times largest company in the world, until it was broken up in 1982 and replaced by a system of competitors.
PBX switchboard, 1975. A telephone switchboard is a device used to connect circuits of telephones to establish telephone calls between users or other switchboards. The switchboard is an essential component of a manual telephone exchange, and is operated by switchboard operators who use electrical cords or switches to establish the connections.
1 November 1960: The Bell System begins testing its push-button phone, starting with service in Findlay, Ohio. [39] 1960: Bell Labs conducts extensive field trial of an electronic central office in Morris, Illinois, known at the Morris System. 1960s: Bell Labs developed the electronics for cellular phones; 1961: Initiation of Touch-Tone service ...
Western Electric Co., Inc. was an American electrical engineering and manufacturing company that operated from 1869 to 1996. A subsidiary of the AT&T Corporation for most of its lifespan, Western Electric was the primary manufacturer, supplier, and purchasing agent for all telephone equipment for the Bell System from 1881 until 1984, when the Bell System was dismantled.
In the 1960s, after the introduction of touch-tone service in November 1963 in various locations of the telephone network, the basic 500-type chassis was retrofitted with a new housing and face plate, and a ten-key push-button keypad. This was designated as the model 1500 telephone, and a twelve-button model 2500 was introduced in 1968.
With DDD, customers themselves dialed an area code followed by a seven-digit telephone number to initiate long-distance calls without operator assistance. Activated first in 1951 for about ten thousand customers in Englewood, NJ, DDD was available in the major cities by the early 1960s, but was not fully implemented until the 1970s.
A party line (multiparty line, shared service line, party wire) is a local loop telephone circuit that is shared by multiple telephone service subscribers. [1] [2] [3]Party line systems were widely used to provide telephone service, starting with the first commercial switchboards in 1878. [4]