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The phenomenon of the gut–memory connection is based on and part of the idea of the gut-brain axis, a complex communication network, linking the central nervous system to the gut. The gut-brain axis first gained significant momentum in research and formal recognition in the 20th century with advancements in neuroscience and gastroenterology ...
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, affects 1% of people over 60 years of age. [1] [2] [3] In the past three decades, the number of PD cases has doubled globally from 2.5 million in 1990 to 6.1 million in 2016.
The gut–brain axis is the two-way biochemical signaling that takes place between the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and the central nervous system (CNS). [2] The term "microbiota–gut–brain axis" highlights the role of gut microbiota in these biochemical signaling.
The brain regions that are active during working memory tasks are also being evaluated, and research has shown that different parts of the brain are activated during working memory in younger adults as compared to older adults. This suggests that younger and older adults are performing these tasks differently. [31]
Older adults can exhibit reduced activity in specific brain regions during cognitive tasks, particularly in medial temporal areas related to memory processing. On the other hand, overrecruitment of other brain areas, mainly in the prefrontal cortex, can be engaged in memory-related tasks. [10]
Aaron T. Beck et al. (1988) combined three separate anxiety questionnaires, with 86 original items, to derive the BAI: the Anxiety Checklist, the Physician's Desk Reference Checklist, and the Situational Anxiety Checklist. [2] The BAI is used for measuring the severity of anxiety in adolescents and adults ages 17 and older.
This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Many outdated sources and information (older than five years). Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2024) Medical condition Major depressive disorder Other names Clinical depression, major depression, unipolar depression, unipolar disorder, recurrent depression Sorrowing Old Man (At ...
Blood is redirected to the brain and major muscle groups, diverted away from energy consuming bodily functions unrelated to survival at the present time. [11] There are three important axes, the adrenocorticotropic axis, the vasopressin axis and the thyroxine axis, which are responsible for the physiologic response to stress. Cortisol