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A Proton Gradient Powers the Synthesis of ATP". Biochemistry (5th ed.). W. H. Freeman. A set of experiments aiming to test some tenets of the chemiosmotic theory – Ogawa S, Lee TM (August 1984). "The relation between the internal phosphorylation potential and the proton motive force in mitochondria during ATP synthesis and hydrolysis".
The protons return to the mitochondrial matrix through the protein ATP synthase. The energy is used in order to rotate ATP synthase which facilitates the passage of a proton, producing ATP. A pH difference between the matrix and intermembrane space creates an electrochemical gradient by which ATP synthase can pass a proton into the matrix ...
The enzyme uses the energy stored in a proton gradient across a membrane to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate (P i). Estimates of the number of protons required to synthesize one ATP have ranged from three to four, [68] [69] with some suggesting cells can vary this ratio, to suit different conditions. [70]
According to the chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis, proposed by Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Peter D. Mitchell, the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation are coupled by a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The efflux of protons from the mitochondrial matrix creates an electrochemical gradient (proton ...
The proton gradient can be generated through either noncyclic or cyclic photophosphorylation. Of the proteins that participate in noncyclic photophosphorylation, photosystem II (PSII), plastiquinone, and cytochrome b 6 f complex directly contribute to generating the proton gradient. For each four photons absorbed by PSII, eight protons are ...
In cell respiration, the proton pump uses energy to transport protons from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the inter-membrane space. [1] It is an active pump that generates a proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, because there are more protons outside the matrix than inside.
Structure of the human uncoupling protein UCP1. An uncoupling protein (UCP) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that is a regulated proton channel or transporter.An uncoupling protein is thus capable of dissipating the proton gradient generated by NADH-powered pumping of protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
The protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the IMS by these respiratory complexes. As a result, an electrochemical gradient is generated, which is combined by forces due to a H + gradient (pH gradient) and a voltage gradient (membrane potential). The pH in the IMS is about 0.7 unit lower than the one in the matrix and the membrane ...