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For example, in C, int const x = 1; declares an object x of int const type – the const is part of the type, as if it were parsed "(int const) x" – while in Ada, X: constant INTEGER:= 1_ declares a constant (a kind of object) X of INTEGER type: the constant is part of the object, but not part of the type. This has two subtle results.
Even functions can be const in C++. The meaning here is that only a const function may be called for an object instantiated as const; a const function doesn't change any non-mutable data. C# has both a const and a readonly qualifier; its const is only for compile-time constants, while readonly can be used in constructors and other runtime ...
Fastest integer types that are guaranteed to be the fastest integer type available in the implementation, that has at least specified number n of bits. Guaranteed to be specified for at least N=8,16,32,64. Pointer integer types that are guaranteed to be able to hold a pointer. Included only if it is available in the implementation.
where const is a type qualifier, which the qualified type of x is const unsigned int and the unqualified type is unsigned int.. Variable declarations further have an optional storage class specifier.
A snippet of C code which prints "Hello, World!". The syntax of the C programming language is the set of rules governing writing of software in C. It is designed to allow for programs that are extremely terse, have a close relationship with the resulting object code, and yet provide relatively high-level data abstraction.
int foo; //foo might be defined somewhere in this file extern int bar; //bar must be defined in some other file In Pascal and other Wirth programming languages, it is a general rule that all entities must be declared before use, and thus forward declaration is necessary for mutual recursion, for instance.
Writing just NULL would result in an argument of type either int or void *, neither of which is correct. Another consideration is the default argument promotions applied to the unnamed arguments. A float will automatically be promoted to a double. Likewise, arguments of types narrower than an int will be promoted to int or unsigned int. The ...
int f (int i) {char * dp; /* dp is a wild pointer */ static char * scp; /* scp is not a wild pointer: * static variables are initialized to 0 * at start and retain their values from * the last call afterwards. * Using this feature may be considered bad * style if not commented */}