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4d Chern–Simons theory is a 'master theory' for integrable systems, providing a framework that incorporates many integrable systems. Another theory which shares this feature, but with a Hamiltonian rather than Lagrangian description, is classical affine Gaudin models with a ' dihedral twist', [ 8 ] and the two theories have been shown to be ...
The exact history of the 8D method remains disputed as many publications and websites state that it originates from the US military. Indeed, MIL-STD-1520C [ 3 ] outlines a set of requirements for their contractors on how they should organize themselves with respect to non-conforming materials.
Basic forms of statistics have been used since the beginning of civilization. Early empires often collated censuses of the population or recorded the trade in various commodities. The Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were some of the first states to extensively gather data on the size of the empire's population, geographical area and wealth.
4D (software), a complete programming environment including database and web server 4D SAS, developers of 4D and Wakanda; 4D Inc, a US-based subsidiary of 4D SAS; 4D BIM, a term used in computer aided design; 4D printing; Cinema 4D, a commercial cross platform 3D graphics application; SGI IRIS 4D, a line of workstations from Silicon Graphics
The 4D/RCS Reference Model Architecture is a reference model for military unmanned vehicles on how their software components should be identified and organized. The 4D/RCS has been developed by the Intelligent Systems Division (ISD) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) since the 1980s.
This can also be expressed in terms of the four-velocity by the equation: [2] [3] = = where: is the charge density measured by an inertial observer O who sees the electric current moving at speed u (the magnitude of the 3-velocity);
In 1997, 4D v6 was the first version of 4D to contain a fully integrated web server, allowing developers to translate 4D forms into HTML on the fly using only the 4D language. [ 12 ] In 2004, 4D 2004 was the first version of 4D to allow developers to create standalone, client/server, web and Service Oriented Applications (SOA) without changing ...
The vertex arrangement of the 16-cell honeycomb is called the D 4 lattice or F 4 lattice. [2] The vertices of this lattice are the centers of the 3-spheres in the densest known packing of equal spheres in 4-space; [3] its kissing number is 24, which is also the same as the kissing number in R 4, as proved by Oleg Musin in 2003.