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Hot and dry conditions reduce control. Clay content, soil pH or soil organic matter has little effect on QPE. The usual application is through a 30-150 L/Ha tank mix. [5] QPE is a post-emergent herbicide and is absorbed through the leaves, whence it is quickly translocated to the roots and growing sections of the plant.
In 1990 sulcotrione was introduced for post- emergence weed control in corn. Isoxaflutole opened the market more broadly for HPPD inhibitors when it was introduced in 1996 for corn and sugarcane, and for use as a pre-emergence herbicide that could control broadleaf weeds as did sulcotrione, but also additional grass weeds.
It is therefore effective only on actively growing plants and is not effective as a pre-emergence herbicide. Crops have been genetically engineered to be tolerant of glyphosate (e.g. Roundup Ready soybean, the first Roundup Ready crop, also created by Monsanto), which allows farmers to use glyphosate as a post-emergence herbicide against weeds.
Ethofumesate is a pre- and post-emergence [1] herbicide used on sugar beets to control weeds, notably blackgrasses. UK registration in 2016 is planned for pre-emergence use on wheat as an auxiliary component of tank mix. [2] Ethofumesate is used in Australia, to control wintergrasses in turfgrasses, along fencelines and tree plantations.
Bromoxynil decomposes with a half life of approximately two weeks in soil. Persistence increases in soils with elevated clay or organic matter content, suggesting the compound has somewhat limited bioavailability to microorganisms in these environments. Under aerobic conditions in soils or pure cultures, products of bromoxynil degradation often ...
Metamitron is an organic compound used as a selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide in sugar beets. [2] [3] It is used in the European Union for weed suppression in sugar beets. [3] Metamitron is marketed under the trade name Goltix by ADAMA in Europe, the United Kingdom, [4] New Zealand, and South Africa. Metamitron is a triazinone herbicide.
To prevent growth of crabgrass, preemergent herbicides must be applied at a critical time. If they are applied to the soil too early, they get washed too deep into the soil or washed away by rainwater. If they are applied too late, the key enzyme inhibited is no longer active. The best control requires a second application about 6–8 weeks later.
Acetochlor is an herbicide developed by Monsanto Company and Zeneca. It is a member of the class of herbicides known as chloroacetanilides. Its mode of action is elongase inhibition, and inhibition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) cyclization enzymes, part of the gibberellin pathway. It carries high risks of environmental contamination. [2]