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For example, water is composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom: the chemical formula is H 2 O. In the case of non-stoichiometric compounds , the proportions may be reproducible with regard to their preparation, and give fixed proportions of their component elements, but proportions that are not integral [e.g., for palladium ...
If two identical substituents are attached to an sp 3-hybridized atom, the descriptors pro-R and pro-S are used to distinguish between the two. Promoting the pro-R substituent to higher priority than the other identical substituent results in an R chirality center at the original sp 3-hybridized atom, and analogously for the pro-S substituent.
Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...
In its simplest implementation, base induces conversion of an aldehyde or a ketone to the aldol product. One example involves the aldol condensation of propionaldehyde: 2 CH 3 CH 2 CHO → CH 3 CH 2 CH(OH)CH(CH 3)CHO. Featuring the RCH(OH)CHR'C(O)R" grouping, the product is an aldol. In this case . Such reactions are called aldol aldol ...
Spiro compounds are often prepared by diverse rearrangement reactions. For example, the pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement is illustrated below. [3]: 985 is employed in the preparation of aspiro[4.5]decane. [12]]. The synthesis of a spiro-keto compound form a symmetrical diol
In organic chemistry, syn-and anti-addition are different ways in which substituent molecules can be added to an alkene (R 2 C=CR 2) or alkyne (RC≡CR).The concepts of syn and anti addition are used to characterize the different reactions of organic chemistry by reflecting the stereochemistry of the products in a reaction.
An example is ozone, which has the chemical formula O 3. [6] Ionic species: Atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge that can be either positively (cation) or negatively charged (anion). Species with an overall positive charge will be a cationic species.
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