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  2. Chemical compound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compound

    For example, water is composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom: the chemical formula is H 2 O. In the case of non-stoichiometric compounds , the proportions may be reproducible with regard to their preparation, and give fixed proportions of their component elements, but proportions that are not integral [e.g., for palladium ...

  3. List of chemical compounds with unusual names - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_compounds...

    Chemical nomenclature, replete as it is with compounds with very complex names, is a repository for some names that may be considered unusual. A browse through the Physical Constants of Organic Compounds in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (a fundamental resource) will reveal not just the whimsical work of chemists, but the sometimes peculiar compound names that occur as the ...

  4. Prochirality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prochirality

    If two identical substituents are attached to an sp 3-hybridized atom, the descriptors pro-R and pro-S are used to distinguish between the two. Promoting the pro-R substituent to higher priority than the other identical substituent results in an R chirality center at the original sp 3-hybridized atom, and analogously for the pro-S substituent.

  5. Chirality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality

    Macroscopic examples of chirality are found in the plant kingdom, the animal kingdom and all other groups of organisms. A simple example is the coiling direction of any climber plant, which can grow to form either a left- or right-handed helix. In anatomy, chirality is found in the imperfect mirror image symmetry of many kinds of animal bodies.

  6. Spiro compound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiro_compound

    In organic chemistry, spiro compounds are compounds that have at least two molecular rings sharing one common atom. Simple spiro compounds are bicyclic (having just two rings). [ 2 ] : SP-0 [ 3 ] : 653, 839 The presence of only one common atom connecting the two rings distinguishes spiro compounds from other bicyclics.

  7. Chemical species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_species

    An example is ozone, which has the chemical formula O 3. [6] Ionic species: Atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge that can be either positively (cation) or negatively charged (anion). Species with an overall positive charge will be a cationic species.

  8. Isomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomer

    In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. [1] Isomerism refers to the existence or possibility of isomers. Isomers do not necessarily share similar chemical or physical properties.

  9. Cyclic compound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_compound

    In organic chemistry, a variety of synthetic procedures are particularly useful in closing carbocyclic and other rings; these are termed ring-closing reactions. Examples include: alkyne trimerisation; the Bergman cyclization of an enediyne; the Diels–Alder, between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, and other cycloaddition reactions;