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Positive lightning is less common than negative lightning and on average makes up less than 5% of all lightning strikes. [10] A bolt from the blue lightning strike which appears to initiate from the clear, but [clarification needed] the turbulent sky above the anvil cloud and drive a bolt of plasma through the cloud directly to the ground. They ...
These flashes usually begin as normal IC lightning flashes before the negative leader exits the cloud and strikes the ground a considerable distance away. [10] [11] Positive clear-air strikes can occur in highly sheared environments where the upper positive charge region becomes horizontally displaced from the precipitation area. [12]
Close strikes can also generate EMPs, especially during "positive" lightning discharges. Lightning currents have a very fast rise time , on the order of 40 kA per microsecond. Hence, although lightning is a form of direct current , conductors of such currents exhibit marked skin effect as with an alternating current , causing most of the ...
The potential difference between the ionosphere and the Earth is maintained by thunderstorms, with lightning strikes delivering negative charges from the atmosphere to the ground. World map showing frequency of lightning strikes, in flashes per km 2 per year (equal-area projection).
Consequently, the current from a strike merely "passes" through the wrapped tube, through the wings and leave the plane. h/t Lonely Planet RELATED: Foods you should never eat on an airplane
When a sufficiently large positive lightning strike carries charges to the ground, the cloud top is left with a strongly negative net charge. This can be modeled as a quasi-static electric dipole and for less than 10 milliseconds a strong electric field is generated in the region above the thunderstorm.
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Although the internal charge within the specimen is negative, the discharge is initiated from the positively charged exterior surfaces of the specimen, so that the resulting discharge creates a positive Lichtenberg figure. These objects are sometimes called electron trees, beam trees, or lightning trees.