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Metal toxicity or metal poisoning is the toxic effect of certain metals in certain forms and doses on life. Some metals are toxic when they form poisonous soluble compounds. Certain metals have no biological role, i.e. are not essential minerals, or are toxic when in a certain form. [ 1 ]
The free zinc ion in solution is highly toxic to bacteria, plants, invertebrates, and even vertebrate fish. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Zinc is an essential trace metal with very low toxicity in humans. [ 1 ] [ 5 ]
The oligodynamic effect (from Greek oligos, "few", and dynamis, "force") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. This effect is attributed to the antibacterial behavior of metal ions, which are absorbed by bacteria upon contact and damage their cell membranes. [1]
The toxic effects of tin compounds are based on its interference with iron and copper metabolism. For example, it affects heme and cytochrome P450, and decreases their effectiveness. [5] Organotin compounds can be very toxic. "Tri-n-alkyltins" are phytotoxic and, depending on the organic groups, can be powerful bactericides and fungicides.
Broadly, long-term exposure to toxic heavy metals can have carcinogenic, central and peripheral nervous system, and circulatory effects. For humans, typical presentations associated with exposure to any of the "classical" [ 37 ] toxic heavy metals, or chromium (another toxic heavy metal) or arsenic (a metalloid), are shown in the table.
Copper toxicity (or Copperiedus) is a type of metal poisoning caused by an excess of copper in the body. Copperiedus could occur from consuming excess copper salts, but most commonly it is the result of the genetic condition Wilson's disease and Menke's disease, which are associated with mismanaged transport and storage of copper ions.
Acute exposure to cadmium fumes may cause flu-like symptoms including chills, fever, and muscle ache sometimes referred to as "the cadmium blues." Symptoms may resolve after a week if there is no respiratory damage. More severe exposures can cause tracheobronchitis, pneumonitis, and pulmonary edema. Symptoms of inflammation may start hours ...
Metal fume fever, also known as brass founders' ague, brass shakes, [1] zinc shakes, galvie flu, galvo poisoning, metal dust fever, welding shivers, or Monday morning fever, [2] is an illness primarily caused by exposure to chemicals such as zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3), or magnesium oxide (MgO) which are produced as byproducts in the fumes that result when certain metals are ...