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Selective perception may refer to any number of cognitive biases in psychology related to the way expectations affect perception.Human judgment and decision making is distorted by an array of cognitive, perceptual and motivational biases, and people tend not to recognise their own bias, though they tend to easily recognise (and even overestimate) the operation of bias in human judgment by ...
Predispositions and the related processes of selective exposure, selective perception, and selective retention. The groups, and the norms of groups, to which the audience members belong. Interpersonal dissemination of the content of communication; The exercise of opinion leadership; The nature of mass media in a free enterprise society.
In instances of the hostile media effect, partisans have a heightened tendency to interpret aspects of a message as unfavorable – or hostile – as opposed to categorizations by non-partisans. In other words, selective perception is a form of bias because we interpret information in a way that is congruent with our existing values and beliefs.
Attentional bias, the tendency of perception to be affected by recurring thoughts. [24] Frequency illusion or Baader–Meinhof phenomenon. The frequency illusion is that once something has been noticed then every instance of that thing is noticed, leading to the belief it has a high frequency of occurrence (a form of selection bias). [25]
This selective perception creates a self-reinforcing cycle, where flawed conclusions persist despite being challenged or invalidated by new findings. The observational interpretation fallacy is the cognitive bias where correlations identified in observational studies are erroneously interpreted as evidence of causality.
The main cause behind frequency illusion, and other related illusions and biases, seems to be selective attention. Selective attention refers to the process of selecting and focusing on selective objects while ignoring distractions. [5] [6] [7] This means that people have the unconscious cognitive ability to filter for what they are focusing on.
The Cognitive Bias Codex. A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. [1] Individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of reality, not the objective input, may dictate their behavior in the world.
Attentional bias refers to how a person's perception is affected by selective factors in their attention. [1] Attentional biases may explain an individual's failure to consider alternative possibilities when occupied with an existing train of thought. [ 2 ]