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The database is USDA-certified as an official Animal Tracking Database (ATD). National FAIR is also a distributor of official 840 RFID eartags. Millions of animals and thousands of farms across the United States are enrolled because of its simple, cost effective, fast and accurate animal traceability capabilities. [1]
An ear tag usually carries an Animal Identification Number (AIN) or code for the animal, or for its herd or flock. Non electronic ear tags may be simply handwritten for the convenience of the farmer (these are known as "management tags").
The next step is animal identification. Each individual animal, whether horse, cow, sheep, chicken, pigeon, etc., is given a unique, 15-character animal identification number, or, in the case of animals that remain together in groups, a unique, 13-character group identification number.
The animal's location can then be plotted against a map or chart in near real-time or, when analysing the track later, using a GIS package or custom software. GPS tracking devices may also be attached to domestic animals, such as pets, pedigree livestock and working dogs. Some owners use these collars for geofencing of their pets. [2]
PLF tracks large animals, such as cows, "per animal", but smaller animals, such as poultry, "per flock", wherein the whole flock in a house is treated as one animal. Tracking "per flock" is widely used in broilers. PLF technologies include cameras, microphones, and other sensors for tracking livestock, as well as accompanying computer software.
Individual identification of animals by means of body markings has been practiced for over 3,800 years, as stated in Code of Hammurabi. [1] The first official identification systems are documented as far as the 18th century. In Uruguay for instance maintained at that time a register of hot brands. [2]
Animal migration tracking is used in wildlife biology, conservation biology, ecology, and wildlife management to study animals' behavior in the wild. One of the first techniques was bird banding , placing passive ID tags on birds legs, to identify the bird in a future catch-and-release.
RF identification of animals requires that the bits transmitted by a transponder are interpretable by a transceiver. Usually, the bit stream contains data bits, defining the identification code and a number of bits to ensure correct reception of the data bits. ISO 11784 specifies the structure of the identification code.
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