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Next, water and various oils and fats, such as coconut oil, palm oil, and shea butter, are added to the ash. The mixture is cooked and hand-stirred for at least 24 hours. After the soap solidifies, it is scooped out and set out to cure. [19] [20] [21] A type of black soap known as ose-dudu originated with the Yoruba people of Nigeria.
A handmade soap bar Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical ingredient found in bar soaps Emulsifying action of soap on oil. Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1]
Saponification can occur in oil paintings over time, causing visible damage and deformation. Oil paints are composed of pigment molecules suspended in an oil-binding medium. Heavy metal salts are often used as pigment molecules, such as in lead white, red lead, and zinc white. [8]
Aleppo soap (also known as savon d'Alep, laurel soap, Syrian soap, or ghar soap, the Arabic word غَار, meaning 'laurel') is a handmade, hard bar soap associated with the city of Aleppo, Syria. Aleppo soap is classified as a Castile soap as it is a hard soap made from olive oil and lye , from which it is distinguished by the inclusion of ...
Today there are two main types of Marseille soap. The original greenish-hued variety made with olive oil, and a white one made of palm and coconut oil mixture. [2] Originally sold only in 5 kg (11 lb) and 20 kg (44 lb) blocks, they usually come in 300 g (11 oz) and 600 g (21 oz) squares nowadays.
The Vegan Society's definition of veganism encourages consumers to avoid all products containing ingredients derived from animals, [1] so vegan soaps might include aloe vera, castor oil, cornstarch, corn syrup, pectin, or essential oils, while excluding animal products such as lanolin, gelatin, lard, and tallow. [2]
The meltable base is usually naturally rich in glycerine, a by-product of saponification that has humectant and emollient properties, whereas commercial soap bars have often had this component removed. As with the rebatching method, it can be considered a misnomer to refer to the melt and pour process as soap making. The process has much in ...
Copra has traditionally been grated and ground, then boiled in water to extract coconut oil. It was used by Pacific island cultures and became a valuable commercial product for merchants in the South Seas and South Asia in the 1860s. Nowadays, coconut oil (70%) is extracted by crushing copra; the by-product is known as copra cake or copra meal ...
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