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That number of children is significant, representing 43 percent of all children living in agricultural households in cocoa growing areas. During the same period cocoa production in Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana increased 62 percent while the prevalence of child labour in cocoa production among all agricultural households increased 14 percentage points.
Despite this effort, numerous children are still forced to work on cocoa plantations in Africa. In 2009, Mars and Cadbury joined the Rainforest Alliance to fight against child labor. By 2020, these major chocolate manufacturers hoped to completely eradicate child labor on any plantations from which they purchase their cocoa. [7]
Boy collecting cocoa after beans have dried. The Harkin–Engel Protocol, [a] sometimes referred to as the Cocoa Protocol, is an international agreement aimed at ending the worst forms of child labor (according to the International Labour Organization's Convention 182) and forced labor (according to ILO Convention 29) in the production of cocoa, the main ingredient in chocolate.
Child welfare advocates filed a federal lawsuit Tuesday asking a judge to force the Biden administration to block imports of cocoa harvested by children in West Africa that can end up in America's ...
The first allegations that child slavery is used in cocoa production appeared in 1998. [43] In late 2000, a BBC documentary reported the use of enslaved children in the production of cocoa in West Africa. [43] [44] [45] Other media followed by reporting widespread child slavery and child trafficking in the production of cocoa. [46] [47]
The International Cocoa Initiative was established in 2002 to address part of Article 5 (establishment of a joint foundation) of the Harkin-Engel Protocol, an international agreement aimed at ending the worst forms of child labour and forced labour in the production of cocoa. [3] ICI operates in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana since 2007. [4]
[164] [165] Other media followed by reporting widespread child slavery and child trafficking in the production of cocoa. [ 162 ] [ 166 ] [ 167 ] In 2001, the US State Department estimated there were 15,000 child slaves cocoa, cotton and coffee farms in the Ivory Coast, [ 168 ] and the Chocolate Manufacturers Association acknowledged that child ...
Global Exchange, an international human rights organization, agrees that fair trade cocoa is a means of ending the use of child labor in cocoa production. [43] In 2001, the US cocoa industry set a goal to end abusive and forced child labor on cocoa farms by 2005 and outlined the basic steps the industry would have to take to achieve this goal. [43]