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Flucytosine, also known as 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), is an antifungal medication. [2] It is specifically used, together with amphotericin B, for serious Candida infections and cryptococcosis. [2] It may be used by itself or with other antifungals for chromomycosis. [2] Flucytosine is used by mouth and by injection into a vein. [2] [3]
Flucytosine (also known as 5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC, and Toca FC) is an antifungal drug. It is used in an extended-release formulation. Flucytosine is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a cancer drug. 5-Fluorouracil does not cross the blood–brain barrier well, but flucytosine does. [1]
Flucytosine: Toxicity of flucytosine is increased and allows a lower dose of amphotericin B. Amphotericin B may also facilitate entry of flucystosine into the fungal cell by interfering with the permeability of the fungal cell membrane. Diuretics or cisplatin: Increased renal toxicity and increased risk of hypokalemia
In 1970, flucytosine was available in Africa. [35] A dose of 200 mg/kg per day of flucytosine is associated with more side effects but is not more effective. [citation needed] A single high dose of liposomal amphotericin B with 14 days of flucytosine and fluconazole is recommended by the newest WHO guideline for cryptococcal meningitis. [36]
Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine) – an antimetabolite pyrimidine analog [25] Fumagillin; Griseofulvin – binds to microtubules and inhibits mitosis [26] Haloprogin – discontinued due to the emergence of antifungals with fewer side effects [27] Miltefosine works by damaging fungal cell membranes [28]
Antifolates act primarily as inhibitors of both RNA and DNA, and are often grouped with nucleic acid inhibitors in textbooks. However, they also act indirectly as protein synthesis inhibitors (because tetrahydrofolate is also involved in the synthesis of amino acids serine and methionine), so they are sometimes considered as their own category, antimetabolites. [6]
Thymidylate synthase inhibitors are chemical agents which inhibit the enzyme thymidylate synthase and have potential as an anticancer chemotherapy. [1] This inhibition prevents the methylation of C5 of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) thereby inhibiting the synthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP).
Itraconazole, an antifungal azole, is given orally, with or without flucytosine. Alternatively, cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen has also been shown to be effective. Other treatment options are the antifungal drug terbinafine, [12] another antifungal azole posaconazole, and heat therapy. Antibiotics may be used to treat bacterial superinfections.