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In this stage there are two surgical treatment options; total wrist arthroplasty and total wrist arthrodesis. Total wrist arthrodesis is the standard surgical treatment for patients with stage IV wrist osteoarthritis. During this procedure the carpal bones are all fused together and are then fastened to the distal radius. [14]
Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis (TMC OA) is, also known as osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb, thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis, basilar (or basal) joint arthritis, or as rhizarthrosis. [ 3 ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This joint is formed by the trapezium bone of the wrist and the metacarpal bone of the thumb.
Prolotherapy, also called proliferation therapy, is an injection-based treatment used in chronic musculoskeletal conditions. [1] It has been characterised as an alternative medicine practice. [ 2 ]
In osteoarthritis, joint injection of glucocorticoids (such as hydrocortisone) leads to short term pain relief that may last between a few weeks and a few months. [5] Injections of hyaluronic acid have not produced improvement compared to placebo for knee arthritis, [ 6 ] [ 7 ] but did increase risk of further pain. [ 6 ]
Long-term results have been observed in human knee [6] and finger osteoarthritis. [7] In addition to Yttrium-90 (Y-90) and Rhenium-186 (Re-186), another radioisotope used in radiosynoviorthesis is Tin-117m (Sn-117m). Tin-117m is radioisotope that is used to treat synovitis and osteoarthritis in canines with elbow dysplasia. [8] [9] [10] [11]
These joints are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the proximal phalanges. [1] Being condyloid, they allow the movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction (see anatomical terms of motion) at the joint. [1]
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