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Sima often takes the form of basalt when on the surface. In geology, sima (/ ˈ s aɪ m ə /) is an antiquated [1] blended term for the lower layer of Earth's crust. This layer is made of rocks rich in magnesium silicate minerals. Typically, when the sima comes to the surface, it is basalt, so sometimes this layer is called the 'ocean layer' of ...
The rocks of the crust fall into two major categories – sial (aluminium silicate) and sima (magnesium silicate). [13] It is estimated that sima starts about 11 km below the Conrad discontinuity , [ 14 ] though the discontinuity is not distinct and can be absent in some continental regions.
The base of the sial is not a strict boundary, the sial grades into the denser rocks of the sima. The Conrad discontinuity has been proposed as the boundary, but little is known about it, and it doesn't seem to match the point of geochemical change. [8] Instead, the boundary has been arbitrarily set at a mean density of 2800 kg/m 3. [4]
Therefore, the seismologists of that time considered that the Conrad discontinuity should correspond to a sharply defined contact between the chemically distinct two layers, sial and sima. [2] Despite the fact that sial and sima are two solid layers, the lighter sial is thought to "float" on top of the denser sima layer.
The sima runs around all four sides of a building. It may be made of terracotta or stone. There are two basic types of sima: The raking sima; The lateral sima; The raking sima is continuous and generally follows the slope of the roof. The lateral sima runs along the horizontal edges and is broken by downspouts to let out rainwater. [1]
SIMA, a shipbuilding and maritime services company in Peru; Sima (geology), the lower part of Earth's crust; Sima Hydroelectric Power Station, Eidfjord, Vestland, Norway; Sima (mead), a mead from Finland; Sima (office), the Chinese title roughly equivalent to "field marshal" Sima or bai sema, the ritual boundary around a Buddhist ordination hall
Encompassing 284,119 hectares (702,070 acres), the Atapuerca Mountains are a mid-altitude karstic range of small foothills around 1,080 m (3,540 ft) above sea level. They are located at the north-east corner of the Douro basin, to the south of the Cantabrian Mountains that run across northern Spain, [3] and stretch alongside the Bureba corridor, a mountain pass that connects the Ebro river ...
Sima Humboldt (Sima Mayor) is an enormous sinkhole located on the summit of the plateau of Sarisariñama tepui in Bolívar State, Venezuela.It is unusual for several reasons, including its enormous size and depth, its location on the top of the only forested tepui, having a patch of forest on its base and also due to the weathering process that formed this sinkhole.